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WHAT IS INSOLVENCY AND BANKRUPTCY ?

1.      1.       The term insolvency is used for both individuals and organizations. For individuals, it is known as bankruptcy and for corporate it is called corporate insolvency. Both refer to a situation when an individual or company are not able to pay the debt in present or near future and the value of assets held by them are less than liability.
2.       Insolvency in this Code is regarded as a “state” where assets are insufficient to meet the liabilities. If untreated, insolvency will lead to bankruptcy for non-corporates and liquidation of corporates.
3.       While insolvency is a situation which arises due to inability to pay off the debts due to insufficient assets, bankruptcy is a situation wherein application is made to an authority declaring insolvency and seeking to be declared as bankrupt, which will continue until discharge.
4.       From the above, it is evident that insolvency is a state and bankruptcy is a conclusion. A bankrupt would be a conclusive insolvent whereas all insolvencies will not lead to bankruptcies. Typically insolvency situations have two options – resolution and recovery or   liquidation.

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